How to Read a Property Survey: A Beginner’s Guide
When buying land in Utah, understanding a property survey is crucial. A survey shows property boundaries, easements, and potential restrictions that can impact how you use your land. Whether you’re purchasing for recreation, investment, or building, knowing how to read a survey ensures there are no surprises.
This guide will break down what a property survey is, how to read it, and why it matters when buying land.
What Is a Property Survey?
A property survey is a detailed map of a piece of land that outlines:
Boundaries – The exact lines marking where your property begins and ends
Easements – Areas where others have legal access (e.g., utility lines or roads)
Topography – Elevation changes, water features, or other land characteristics
Structures – Any existing buildings, fences, or improvements
Surveyors use precise tools and GPS technology to ensure accurate property measurements. This information is essential for legal documentation, development planning, and avoiding disputes with neighbors.
Why Do You Need a Property Survey?
A property survey helps you:
Avoid boundary disputes by knowing exactly where your land starts and ends
Ensure legal access, including road access and shared driveways
Plan for construction by confirming setbacks and zoning restrictions
Check for encroachments from neighboring fences or buildings
How to Read a Property Survey
1. Find the Key Information
At the top of the survey, you’ll find:
Surveyor’s name and license number
Survey date – Ensure it's recent to reflect any boundary changes
Property description – Legal details including township, range, and lot number
2. Understand the Boundary Lines
The boundary lines are typically marked with solid lines and labeled with distances and bearings.
Bearings (e.g., N 45° E) tell you the direction of the property line
Distances (e.g., 300 ft) show the length of each boundary
Compare these measurements with fence lines or markers on the land to confirm accuracy.
3. Check for Easements and Right-of-Ways
An easement allows a third party to use a section of your land. These might include:
Road easements – If a neighbor or utility company has access to part of your property
Utility easements – Areas reserved for power lines, water pipes, or gas lines
Public access easements – Trails or paths that must remain open to the public
Easements are often marked with dashed lines—review them to see how they impact your land use.
4. Identify Topographical Features
Many surveys include contour lines to show elevation changes. These lines help you understand:
Steep slopes – May affect building plans or road access
Water features – Creeks, ponds, or wetlands that could impact development
Tree lines or natural boundaries – Useful for planning clearings or hunting areas
5. Look for Encroachments
Encroachments happen when a structure (like a fence, shed, or driveway) crosses property lines. If an encroachment exists, you may need to negotiate with the neighbor or adjust property use.
Always confirm boundary markers on-site before making improvements.
What If a Property Doesn’t Have a Recent Survey?
If a survey is outdated or unavailable, consider:
Hiring a surveyor to ensure accurate, up-to-date boundaries
Checking county records for previous surveys
Walking the property with a GPS as a rough estimate until a formal survey is done
Final Thoughts: Do You Need a Property Survey
A property survey is one of the most valuable tools when buying land. It protects your investment, ensures you know exactly what you’re getting, and helps avoid legal or access issues.
Looking for land in Utah At Mountains West Ranches, we help buyers navigate property details so they can purchase with confidence. Contact us today to find the perfect piece of land for your needs.